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Salk Institute for Biological Studies

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The Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, is an independent, not-for-profit organization dedicated to basic research in the biological sciences – and is one of the foremost institutions of its kind in the world. Dr. Jonas Salk, the inventor of the polio vaccines, established the Institute in 1965 supported by a land grant from the city of San Diego and with financial support from the March of Dimes Foundation. Sharing the NOMIS Foundation’s focus on supporting basic scientific research and up-and-coming researchers, the Salk Institute’s scientists are not only contributing to our understanding of cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, Alzheimer’s and other age-related diseases and processes, but are also actively mentoring the next generation of researchers and scientists. Their practice of making research results widely available and of focusing on the public good makes the Salk Institute a perfect example of the kind of collaboration the NOMIS Foundation is actively pursuing and cultivating around the world.

NOMIS funded a new laboratory at the Salk Institute, the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, which focuses on gaining new insight into autoimmune diseases, and human metabolism and its dysfunctions. The NOMIS laboratory is staffed by highly respected researchers, including Janelle Ayres, Ye Zheng, Björn Lillemeier and Greg Lemke.

In 2018, Susan Kaech joined the Salk Institute as NOMIS Foundation Chair and director of the NOMIS center. Kaech studies how immune cells — called T cells — remember infectious agents our bodies have previously encountered in order to mount a more rapid response the next time we’re exposed to them. Kaech received her PhD from Stanford University, CA, United States, and her BS from the University of Washington in Seattle. Prior to her appointment at Salk, she was the Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Immunobiology at Yale University in New Haven, CT, United States.

“The research that people are doing at Salk is spectacular — really cutting-edge — and the tools that the labs are using to answer questions are very powerful and exciting,” Kaech told Salk. “I hope that being at Salk will push me to think about problems in a different manner or with different technologies that may ultimately lead to new understandings or new ways of thinking about the function of our immune system.”

More about the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis

Take a look at the NOMIS Center feature in the fall 2018 edition of inside Salk: “The immune system: A question of balance.”

NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Assistant professor
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Professor, director of Salk’s Gene Expression Laboratory and holder of the March of Dimes Chair in Molecular and Developmental Biology
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Professor, Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Fiona and Sanjay Jha Chair in Neuroscience
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Former NOMIS researcher
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Associate Professor - NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Françoise Gilot-Salk Chair and professor in the Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
NOMIS Foundation Chair and director of the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Professor in the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, and Audrey Geisel Chair in Biomedical Science
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Professor in the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, director of the Molecular and Systems Physiology Laboratory, member of the Gene Expression Laboratory, and Helen McLoraine Developmental Chair
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Former NOMIS Fellow
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
June 20, 2024
The Salk Institute will receive $20 million over four years from the NOMIS Foundation to launch a new Neuroimmunology Initiative within the Institute’s NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis. […]
May 6, 2024
NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Director Susan Kaech and NOMIS researchers Nicholas Christakis and Joanna Wysocka have been elected to the US National Academy of Sciences. They are among 120 […]
April 2, 2024
NOMIS researcher and Salk Institute Professor Janelle Ayres has been elected to the American Academy of Microbiology’s Fellowship Class of 2024. Fellows of the Academy, an honorific leadership group within […]
February 7, 2024
NOMIS Center Director Susan Kaech and NOMIS Fellow Anna-Maria Globig, together with fellow scientists at the Salk Instistute, have discovered that lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells steer macrophage lipid metabolism to […]
January 23, 2024
NOMIS Awardee and Salk Professor Ronald Evans has been named the 2024 recipient of the Japan Prize in the field of Medical Science and Pharmaceutical Science. The Japan Prize Foundation awards […]
November 6, 2023
NOMIS researcher Ye Zheng, former NOMIS Fellow Zhi Liu and fellow researchers at the Salk Institute have discovered that Foxp3 is essential for creating the unique chromatin architecture of regulatory […]
November 3, 2023
The NOMIS Fellowship Programs at ETH Zurich, ISTA and the Salk Institute have been featured in an advertorial in Science. NOMIS Fellows David Brückner, Anna-Maria Globig, Maayan Levy, Zhi Liu and Craig […]
September 20, 2023
NOMIS–Salk Fellow Anna-Maria Globig and NOMIS researcher Susan Kaech, together with their colleagues at the Salk Institute, have found that stress hormones released by nerves exhaust immune cells in humans […]
July 30, 2023
NOMIS researcher Janelle Ayres and colleagues at the Salk Institute have discovered that CD8+ T cells initiate the process of muscle wasting during infection, and this muscle wasting helped mice […]
July 1, 2023
NOMIS researcher Susan Kaech and colleagues at the Salk Institute have unraveled the “BAFfling” puzzle of how infection- and cancer-fighting immune cells develop in mice. Their findings were published in […]
June 25, 2023
NOMIS researcher Janelle Ayres and fellow Salk Institute colleagues have found that pairing specific diets with disease-causing bacteria can create lasting immunity in mice without the costs of developing sickness, […]
April 24, 2023
NOMIS researcher Susan Kaech has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. LA JOLLA—Salk Institute Professor Susan Kaech, director of the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, […]
December 13, 2022
NOMIS Awardee Ronald Evans, NOMIS researcher Ye Zheng and colleagues have published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences their findings showing that a compound they developed, FexD, can […]
June 23, 2022
Study highlights how current treatments for alopecia work on a cellular level NOMIS researcher Ye Zheng and fellow Salk scientists have uncovered an unexpected molecular target of a common treatment […]
April 25, 2022
In an article published in Gastroenterology, NOMIS Awardee Ronald M. Evans and colleagues report that a protein known as estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR ɣ) is critical for preventing pancreatic auto-digestion […]
March 30, 2022
NOMIS Awardee Ronald Evans, NOMIS researcher Ye Zheng and their colleagues have discovered why immune treatments for allergies and asthma might not be as effective in obese mice and humans. […]
February 22, 2022
NOMIS board member Martin Hetzer has been appointed president of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, a NOMIS partner institution, effective January 2023. Hetzer is currently a senior vice […]
January 5, 2022
NOMIS Awardee Ronald M. Evans — who is leading the project The Science of Health: The Fundamental Mechanisms of Organ Communication — and colleagues have found a new route for […]
November 8, 2021
Recognizing their outstanding contributions to the advancement of science and human progress through their pioneering, collaborative research, the 2021 as well as the 2020 NOMIS Distinguished Scientist and Scholar Award […]
October 18, 2021
The NOMIS Center Postdoctoral Fellowship Program at the Salk Institute has been featured in an advertorial in Science. The article details the research projects of NOMIS Fellows Dan Chen, Lidia Jiménez, Andre Mu and […]
August 23, 2021
NOMIS researcher Janelle Ayres has been named the Salk Institute Legacy Chair. Ayres leads the Harnessing Physiological Health to Treat Disease project and is a professor in the NOMIS Center […]
June 11, 2021
NOMIS researcher Susan Kaech and colleagues have identified how tumors cause immune cells to lose their ability to fight cancer, opening new avenues for therapies. LA JOLLA—In order for cancer to […]
April 16, 2021
NOMIS researcher Greg Lemke and colleagues at the Salk Institute have found that the brain’s immune cells form some plaques as a defense in Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a new therapeutic […]
March 22, 2021
NOMIS Awardee Ronald Evans, director of the Salk Institute’s Gene Expression Laboratory and March of Dimes Chair in Molecular and Developmental Biology, has been awarded the 2021 Asan Award in […]
December 21, 2020
In an article published on Dec. 7, 2020, Newsweek explores Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting the research of NOMIS scientist Eric Reiman and Salk Institute of Biological Studies president Rusty Gage. BY […]
November 30, 2020
Susan Kaech, NOMIS Foundation Chair and director of the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis at the Salk Institute, has been named a 2020 Fellow of the American Association […]
September 20, 2020
NOMIS scientist and board member Martin Hetzer and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have discovered the ways cells from the human circulatory system change with age […]
August 24, 2020
NOMIS Awardee Ronald M. Evans and fellow Salk researchers have developed transplantable human cells that make insulin, controlling blood sugar without immunosuppressants in mouse models. LA JOLLA—Salk Institute scientists have […]
June 29, 2020
Salk scientists tackle COVID-19 pandemic with innovative research projects on immunity, vaccine development, viral imaging and more LA JOLLA—As the COVID-19 pandemic continues across the globe, the Salk Institute joins […]
June 12, 2020
NOMIS scientist Susan Kaech, who is director of the Salk Institute’s NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, has published her findings that the cells responsible for long-term immunity in […]
June 5, 2020
NOMIS researcher Martin Hetzer, who is also a NOMIS board member, has published a study detailing how cells remember their identity. How Cells Solve Their Identity Crisis Salk scientists uncover […]
May 11, 2020
NOMIS researcher Janelle Ayres, a molecular and systems physiologist at the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, has published an editorial on […]
May 8, 2020
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, a long-time NOMIS Foundation partner, has published a video highlighting the COVID-19 research taking place at Salk. Salk has been a NOMIS partner since […]
April 14, 2020
The NOMIS Foundation is delighted to announce two new recipients of the fifth annual NOMIS Distinguished Scientist and Scholar Award — congratulations to Ronald M. Evans of the Salk Institute […]
August 27, 2019
Salk scientists find how to block inflammatory molecules in mouse model of multiple sclerosis LA JOLLA—Your immune system comes ready for battle against bacteria, viruses, fungi and even cancer. But […]
December 21, 2018
Doctors have long observed that biological age and chronological age are not always one and the same. A 55-year-old may exhibit many signs of old age and have numerous age-related […]
November 10, 2018
Three new large-scale, multidisciplinary research teams have just been assembled to answer questions related to the aging brain and Alzheimer’s disease. Today, the American Heart Association, the world’s leading voluntary […]
October 22, 2018
NOMIS Distinguished Scientist Tony Wyss-Coray has, together with a team of researchers from Stanford Medicine, UCSF Medical School and the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, published a Tabula Muris, a single-cell atlas […]
September 19, 2018
NOMIS scientist Martin Hetzer and other Salk Institute researchers have devised a way to manipulate numbers of individual nuclear pores — a breakthrough that may one day stop cancerous cells […]
August 10, 2018
Salk Institute researcher Janelle Ayres and her colleagues report that giving mice dietary iron supplements enabled them to survive a normally lethal bacterial infection and resulted in later generations of […]
June 28, 2018
Janelle Ayres of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies has won the Blavatnik National Award for Young Scientists, one of the world’s largest unrestricted prizes for early career scientists. Ayres is […]
June 1, 2018
Janelle Ayres of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies has been named by the Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists as one of 31 US national finalists for the world’s largest unrestricted prizes […]
January 8, 2018
Salk researchers have identified the molecular target of J147. The experimental drug is something of a modern elixir of life; it’s been shown to treat Alzheimer’s disease and reverse aging in […]
January 7, 2018
Scientists at the Salk Institute have published the results of a study in the journal Aging Cell, showing the novel molecular link between aging and dementia through the identification of the […]
September 29, 2017
TIME’s powerful series, “TIME Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World,” profiles Salk Institute President Elizabeth Blackburn, the first woman president of the institute. Blackburn won the 2009 Nobel Prize in […]
September 5, 2017
Supported by the NOMIS Foundation and the Glenn Center for Aging Research, researchers at the Salk Institute probing the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford progeria have uncovered an errant protein process in […]
July 19, 2017
Susan Kaech, currently professor of Immunobiology at Yale University, will join Salk as NOMIS Foundation Chair and director of the NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis beginning in 2018. Kaech […]
November 29, 2016
Researchers at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, have discovered how immune receptors use a protein to amplify “invader” signals and attack a biological intruder. The T cell receptor […]
November 29, 2016
Salk Institute scientists in La Jolla, California have published in the Nov. 2 issue of Genes & Development a study demonstrating that the nuclear membrane acts not only as a […]
November 29, 2016
In a conversation with Inside Salk, Ye Zhen, associate professor at the NOMIS Foundation Laboratories for Immunbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, shares his hopes and his hesitations about tapping our immune […]
November 26, 2016
Dr. Janelle Ayres, researcher at the NOMIS Center for Immunbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, addresses the disconnect between our methods for treating infectious disease and our understanding of the mechanisms that […]
January 25, 2024
Abstract: The limited efficacy of currently approved immunotherapies in EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) underscores the need to better understand alternative mechanisms governing local immunosuppression to fuel novel therapies. Elevated surfactant and […]
December 6, 2023
Abstract: Oncogenic lesions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) hijack the epigenetic machinery in stromal components to establish a desmoplastic and therapeutic resistant tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we identify Class I histone […]
December 20, 2022
Abstract: The pleiotropic actions of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) are required for gut health, and reciprocally, reduced intestinal FXR signaling is seen in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we show […]
March 1, 2022
Abstract: Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin in response to glucose, a process that is regulated at multiple levels, including a network of input signals from other organ systems. Impaired islet function […]
March 1, 2022
Abstract: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) bridge the nucleus and the cytoplasm and are indispensable for crucial cellular activities, such as bidirectional molecular trafficking and gene transcription regulation. The discovery of long-lived […]
February 11, 2022
Abstract: Background: Ketogenic diet is a potential means of augmenting cancer therapy. Here, we explore ketone body metabolism and its interplay with chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Metabolism and therapeutic responses […]
January 4, 2022
Abstract: Inexorable increases in insulin resistance, lipolysis, and hepatic glucose production (HGP) are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Previously, we showed that peripheral delivery of exogenous fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) […]
November 8, 2021
Abstract: In order to combat molecular damage, most cellular proteins undergo rapid turnover. We have previously identified large nuclear protein assemblies that can persist for years in post-mitotic tissues and are […]
November 1, 2021
Abstract: Bile acids (BAs) are a class of hepatically derived metabolite-hormones with prominent roles in nutrient absorption, metabolic and immune homeostasis in the intestine. BAs are ligands for multiple nuclear receptors […]
September 1, 2021
Abstract: Fundamental to the concept of adaptive immunity is the ability of lymphocytes to recognize and respond to specific foreign Ags. B and T cells that are specific for peptides of […]
August 31, 2021
Abstract: In macrophages, homeostatic and immune signals induce distinct sets of transcriptional responses, defining cellular identity and functional states. The activity of lineage-specific and signal-induced transcription factors are regulated by chromatin […]
March 2, 2021
Abstract: We appreciate the interest and comments on our article reporting a novel gut microbiome signature for predicting liver cirrhosis (Oh et al., 2020). Dr. Chen raises concerns about the impact of […]
November 3, 2020
Abstract: Oh et al. identify diagnostic signatures for fibrosis from stool metagenomic and metabolomic profiling that, when combined with serum AST levels, distinguishes cirrhosis in mixed fibrosis cohort. Moreover, this combination […]
October 15, 2020
Abstract: Adenosquamous cancer of the pancreas (ASCP) is a subtype of pancreatic cancer that has a worse prognosis and greater metastatic potential than the more common pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subtype. […]
September 1, 2020
Abstract: Vascular dysfunctions are a common feature of multiple age-related diseases. However, modeling healthy and pathological aging of the human vasculature represents an unresolved experimental challenge. Here, we generated induced vascular […]
July 1, 2020
Abstract: During mitosis, transcription of genomic DNA is dramatically reduced, before it is reactivated during nuclear reformation in anaphase/telophase. Many aspects of the underlying principles that mediate transcriptional memory and reactivation […]
June 17, 2020
Abstract: In recent years, the nuclear pore complex (NPC) has emerged as a key player in genome regulation and cellular homeostasis. New discoveries have revealed that the NPC has multiple cellular […]
May 1, 2020
Abstract: Aging of the circulatory system correlates with the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of diseases. However, it is largely unknown which factors drive the age-dependent or pathological decline of the […]
January 20, 2020
Abstract: Nucleoporin 93 (Nup93) expression inversely correlates with the survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. However, our knowledge of Nup93 function in breast cancer besides its role as structural component of […]
April 1, 2019
Abstract: Bisphenol A and its derivatives are recognized as endocrine disruptors based on their complex effects on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. While the effects of bisphenol derivatives on ERα have been […]
February 1, 2019
Abstract: Many adult tissues contain postmitotic cells as old as the host organism. Te only organelle that does not turn over in these cells is the nucleus, and its maintenance represents […]
January 1, 2019
Abstract: The genome is packaged and organized nonrandomly within the 3D space of the nucleus to promote efficient gene expression and to faithfully maintain silencing of heterochromatin. The genome is enclosed […]
December 20, 2018
Abstract: Biomarkers of aging can be used to assess the health of individuals and to study aging and age-related diseases. We generate a large dataset of genome-wide RNA-seq profiles of human […]
January 1, 2018
Abstract: The total number of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) per nucleus varies greatly between different cell types and is known to change during cell differentiation and cell transformation. However, the underlying […]
December 1, 2017
Abstract: Premature aging disorders provide an opportunity to study the mechanisms that drive aging. In Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a mutant form of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A distorts nuclei […]
January 1, 2016
Abstract: Repeated rounds of nuclear envelope (NE) rupture and repair have been observed in laminopathy and cancer cells and result in intermittent loss of nucleus compartmentalization. Currently, the causes of NE […]